The Invasive Macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae: Substrata Plasticity and Spatial Colonization Pressure on Resident Macroalgae

The present study constitutes the first evaluation of space colonization strategies performed by Rugulopteryx okamurae when co-occurring with resident macroalgal community in introduced areas. Since apparition nonindigenous macroalga Strait Gibraltar, its high propagation capacity together ability has enhanced establishment success species detriment biota. In this study, we carried out observational surveys during 2017–2020 order to assess coverage levels R. on different lighting conditions, surface orientations, and substrata types (artificial natural). Results revealed that, beyond percent coverages already reported at illuminated semi-illuminated natural rocky habitats, is able settle a wide variety artificial substrata. settlement performance was also investigated mechanisms underlying were proposed. Thus, observed interacting 43 generally habitats northern coasts. Six proposed for spatial growth scenarios. Overall, results pointed most cases where invasive co-occur community, would be favored as regards success. Competitive interactions environmental factors which influence obtained must addressed fully predict impacts communities. Moreover, previous scientific works, overall data provided highlight need urgent implement management measures focused susceptible invaded, well studies ecology dispersal vectors Gibraltar adjacent